It also has a role in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, traveler's diarrhea, shigella, and in both the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Most bacteria must manufacture their own supply of folic acid or folate. Animals (and some bacteria) depend on outside sources of folic acid, getting what they need from what they eat. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are both compounds that block the internal production of folic acid. Thus these compounds are relatively safe for humans, yet lethal to many bacteria.
The sulfamethoxazole component of Septra is a sulfa (or sulfur containing) drug. It causes fewer side effects than the other sulfa drugs, but its side effects should be respected.
The most common significant adverse effects are allergic skin reactions. Most of these are mild, but occasionally they are quite severe. Septra should be discontinued at the first sign of a skin rash.
Excess sun exposure should be avoided by anyone taking Septra.
Sulfa drugs may precipitate in the urine, producing crystals that can cause bleeding, urinary obstruction, or kidney damage. This is best prevented by using the most soluble of the more than 150 different sulfa drugs (such as the sulfamethoxazole in Septra) and by drinking lots of fluids while on the medication.
Allergic kidney damage can also occur, underscoring the need to stop taking Septra at the first signs of an allergic skin rash. When Septra is used on an ongoing basis, occasional blood and urine testing (a urinalysis, CBC, BUN, and creatinine) can detect early signs of problems.
Septra should not be used in children with folate deficiency.
Septra interacts with Dilantin, with methotrexate, and with anticoagulant medications; it should be used cautiously if these other drugs are being taken.
I have a 12-month-old who refuses to eat solids. She only wants to nurse. What can I do?
When kids won't eat solids at all at 12 months, it is important to find out why. Sometimes it's just preference, but sometimes it is an esophagus that is too tight or swallowing that isn't coordinated. An evaluation by a feeding specialist is usually a good idea. Often, this is a pediatric gastroenterologist.
The window between 6 and 12 months, of age is the easiest time for kids to learn to eat solids. After 12 months it often becomes more difficult. If someone has confirmed, after 6 months, that she can chew and swallow well and she just doesn't want to, that is fine. She can start later if she likes. But sometimes, when kids appear just not to enjoy it, the real problem is difficulty--either with tightness or coordination.
At 12 months, the foods kids will often take first are those things they can handle for themselves and go down easily, such as oat cereal rings. Often, 12-month-olds do not like someone else to feed them. If she is taking some solids, just not a lot, and if she is developing normally and following her growth curves, it's fine for her to set the amount at her own pace.
It’s important for breast-fed babies to get extra vitamin D, from the sun or from supplements – at least 400 IU daily. In addition, you may want to check with her doctor to see if she needs iron supplements. After 6 months of age, solely breastfed infants who are not eating iron rich foods may need iron supplements to prevent iron deficiency anemia.
Most of the treatments for poison ivy, oak and sumac are aimed at reducing the itching, until the self-limited rash runs its course, which takes about two weeks. Click here for Dr. Greene’s tips on treating these allergic reactions.
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