Sometimes when babies hold their breath and turn red they are having what we call a breath-holding spell. They can be triggered by a fall or a surprise.

This is a typical scene: A little child is playing happily, something upsets her, she exhales forcefully with a brief, shrill cry -- but she doesn't take another breath. You wait, but she still doesn't breathe. She looks as if she's crying, but no sound emerges. She begins to change colors, her face strained, and still she is not breathing...

You can read more about them here: http://www.drgreene.com/qa/breath-holding-spells

According to Dr. Greene, "Colorblindness is almost always a hereditary condition. Red-green colorblindness is a recessive condition passed on the X chromosome. Only one healthy color vision gene is necessary to provide color vision. Since boys have only one X chromosome, it is much easier for them to be colorblind. If their mothers are carriers (having one normal X chromosome and one colorblind X chromosome), the sons have a 50% chance of having the condition. Red-green colorblindness occurs in about 8 per cent of American males. These men cannot pass the condition on to their sons (since they give their sons a Y, not an X, chromosome), but they will pass the gene to their daughters."

The "almost always" is because it is possible to have a genetic mutation that results in colorblindness, though it is rare. In any case it is genetic.

Click here to read Dr. Greene's full article on colorblindness.