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Fast Fact
The mean age for a girl's first period is 12.75 years.
Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of true puberty before 8 years of age in girls or 9 years of age in boys. (Boepple, et al. Endocrinology, Surgery, and Technology, Vol 1, 1996)
Isolated breast development that doesn't progress to the rest of puberty is called premature thelarche, and is a different, benign condition.
Precocious puberty is 10 times more common in girls than in boys. Sexual development may begin at any age. Pregnancy has been reported as early as 5 1/2 years old.
The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society recommends evaluating for an underlying medical condition in Caucasian-American girls who have development of breast and/or pubic hair before age seven and in African-American girls before age six (Kaplowitz and Oberfield, Pediatrics 1999 Oct;104(4 Pt 1):936-41). These medical conditions include tumors, cysts, thyroid problems, McCune-Albright syndrome, or external sources of estrogen. Doing studies to look into these possible causes is especially important in girls younger than 6, and in all boys.
The earlier before age 12 a girl starts her period, the higher her lifetime risk for breast cancer (probably from the prolonged estrogen exposure). The highest average risk for breast cancer is in non-Hispanic white women, where it is 1 in 8, or 12.5%. In all girls who start their periods before the age of 12, taken together, the risk is 16.25%.
As a girl reaches maturity, she needs to be made aware of controllable risk factors for breast cancer, such as use of estrogen-containing birth control pills (10 years of use would raise her risk to about 22%), first pregnancy after age 30 (if she did this also, it would raise the risk to about 35%), high-fat diet, alcohol use, fertility drugs, pesticides, and radiation exposure. Each of these factors multiplies her accumulated risk.
Tomatoes contain an important nutrient called lycopene. Lycopene is one of nature's most potent antioxidants. It has proven success at preventing and healing damage done to cells within our bodies. Eating lycopene lowers cancer and heart disease risk. Tomatoes and tomato products are the major source of lycopene in the American diet. The average American eats about 90 pounds of these foods each year: about 16 pounds of fresh tomatoes (mostly in salads and sandwiches) and about 75 pounds of tomato juice, tomato paste, catsup, etc. In kids, of course, tomato products such as catsup make up an even higher percentage of tomato consumption.
USDA scientists decided to analyze catsup levels to see if catsup is an adequate source of lycopene and other antioxidants. They looked at national brands, store brands, little catsup packets, and the catsup on fast food burgers. Fast food and packet catsup had the fewest nutrients, but even so they are a pretty good source of lycopene. The scientists were surprised to learn, however, that organic catsups were, on average, 57 percent higher in lycopene. And they had double the antioxidant power of conventional catsups14.
Just switching from conventional to organic catsup could significantly increase the nutrients we give our children. Their bodies, the brains they think with, the arms they throw a ball to you with, are built from the foods they eat. They deserve the best.
In the Organic Center's “State of Science Review” on the impact of organic production methods and food processing on antioxidant levels, organic food was found to have on average 30 percent higher levels of antioxidants compared to conventional foods grown under otherwise similar conditions15. That's if we give organic foods instead of the conventional counterparts (e.g. organic grapes instead of chemically sprayed grapes).
When we provide our children with organic foods, though, we are often giving them an even bigger edge: organic blueberries instead of partially hydrogenated snacks, organic milk instead of high fructose sodas, organic orange juice instead of sugary drinks. What a gift! What an important part of our responsibility!
To find clues as to the best toys, turn off the TV, put away the passive-play toys, and watch your child. Many kids will begin to play spontaneously, using whatever is at hand; take note of what they choose to play with. Click here for more tips on toys for two-year-olds.
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