Alternative Names
Peripheral neuritis; Neuropathy – peripheral; Neuritis – peripheral
Definition of Peripheral neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is a problem with the nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. This can produce pain, loss of sensation, and an inability to control muscles.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
One set of peripheral nerves relays information from your central nervous system to muscles and other organs. A second set relays information from your skin, joints, and other organs back to your central nervous system.
Symptoms
The symptoms depend on which type of nerve is affected. The three main types of nerves are:
Signs and tests
A detailed history will help your health care provider determine the cause of the neuropathy. A brain and nervous system (neurological) exam may reveal problems with movement, sensation, or organ function. You may also have changes in reflexes and muscle mass.
Treatment
Treatment involves:
Expectations (prognosis)
The outcome depends on the cause of peripheral neuropathy. In cases where a medical condition can be found and treated, the outlook may be excellent. However, in severe neuropathy, nerve damage can be permanent, even if the cause is treated.
Review
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. – 8/27/2010
