Alternative Names
ADD; ADHD; Childhood hyperkinesis
Definition of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is a problem with inattentiveness, over-activity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for a child’s age and development.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Imaging studies suggest that the brains of children with ADHD are different from those of other children. These children handle neurotransmitters (including dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline) differently from their peers.
Symptoms
The symptoms of ADHD are divided into inattentiveness, and hyperactivity and impulsivity.
Signs and tests
Too often, difficult children are incorrectly labeled with ADHD. On the other hand, many children who do have ADHD remain undiagnosed. In either case, related learning disabilities or mood problems are often missed. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has issued guidelines to bring more clarity to this issue.
Treatment
The American Academy of Pediatrics has guidelines for treating ADHD:
Expectations (prognosis)
ADHD is a long-term, chronic condition. If it is not treated appropriately, ADHD may lead to:
Review
David B. Merrill, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. – 2/22/2010
